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On Android, I had the following line in the private data of my 'Game' object:
std::string basePath = SDL_GetBasePath();

It's used to define an absolute path to assets (in this case, a font file) so that if someone opens the program from a different directory on Linux, it still finds the assets.

It worked fine on Linux, Windows, and Mac, but crashed at runtime with this call stack:
04-12 20:42:08.845 16863-16902/com.my.app V/SDL: Running main function SDL_main from library libGame.so
04-12 20:42:09.105 16904-16904/? A/DEBUG:     #00 pc 00018788  /system/lib/libc.so (strlen+71)
        #01 pc 00051ffb  /data/app/com.my.app-2/lib/arm/libGame.so (_ZNSt6__ndk111char_traitsIcE6lengthEPKc+10)
        #02 pc 0004e6db  /data/app/com.my.app-2/lib/arm/libGame.so (_ZN4GameC1EiiPKcb+246)

Looks like the function is defined for Android here:
/src/filesystem/android/SDL_sysfilesystem.c

Full function text:
char *
SDL_GetBasePath(void)
{
    /* The current working directory is / on Android */
    SDL_Unsupported();
    return NULL;
}


In an attempt to fix this, I followed the comment above and on Android simply set:
std::string basePath = "/"
Which didn't work, but a blank string did.

So my final workaround was this:
#ifdef __ANDROID__
    std::string basePath = "";
#else
    std::string basePath = SDL_GetBasePath();
#endif

I think SDL_GetBasePath(void) should return a blank string.  I suppose that could be misleading if someone is trying to use this function to actually find out where in the directory structure the apk is located, but it would work for my purpose.

Or, you could leave the function undefined on Android and it would be a very visible and obvious build error.  That would've made this problem far easier to track down.