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Attempting to compile any SDL2 code that creates window, destroys it and then calling SDL_Quit will result either in a segmentation fault (139) or bus error if it's written in C and compiled using GCC (4.8.2, though version number doesn't affect this behaviour). Here's the testing code for the issue:

#include <SDL.h>
#include <stdio.h>

const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 640;
const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480;

SDL_Window *window = NULL;
SDL_Surface *screen = NULL;
SDL_Surface *picture = NULL;

int init(void) {
        int success = 1;
        if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {
                printf("Failed to initialize SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
                success = 0;
        } else {
                window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL Test",
                        SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, \
                        SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, \
                        SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, \
                        SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN
                );

                if(window == NULL) {
                        printf("Failed to create window: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
                        success = 0;
                } else {
                        screen = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
                }
        }

        return success;
}

//int loadMedia();
void shutdown(void) {
        /*SDL_FreeSurface(picture);
        picture = NULL;*/

        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        window = NULL;

        SDL_Quit();
}

int main(int argc, char *args[]) {
        if(!init()) {
                printf("Init failed!\n");
        } else {
                //SDL_Delay(2000);
        }

        shutdown();
        return 0;
}

Compiled with g++, it works as intended and there's no segfault or bus error. The program itself works flawlessly until I call SDL_Quit:

Program received signal SIGBUS, Bus error.
0x00007ffff6ba6895 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6
(gdb) backtrace
#0  0x00007ffff6ba6895 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6
#1  0x00007ffff6adde02 in XCloseIM ()
   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6
#2  0x00007ffff7b93d3b in X11_VideoQuit (_this=<optimized out>)
    at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/video/x11/SDL_x11video.c:652
#3  0x00007ffff7b7bacb in SDL_VideoQuit_REAL ()
    at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/video/SDL_video.c:2352
#4  0x00007ffff7ad6ac6 in SDL_QuitSubSystem_REAL (flags=<optimized out>)
    at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/SDL.c:297
#5  SDL_Quit_REAL () at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/SDL.c:357
#6  0x00000000004009c4 in shutdown () at main.c:43
#7  0x00007ffff687f786 in xcb_disconnect ()
   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1
#8  0x00007ffff6aaf4e7 in XCloseDisplay ()
   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6
#9  0x00007ffff7b93c9a in X11_DeleteDevice (device=0x607ad0)
    at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/video/x11/SDL_x11video.c:324
#10 0x00007ffff7b7bc2d in SDL_VideoQuit_REAL ()
    at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/video/SDL_video.c:2377
#11 0x00007ffff7ad6ac6 in SDL_QuitSubSystem_REAL (flags=<optimized out>)
    at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/SDL.c:297
#12 SDL_Quit_REAL () at /home/rustam/src/SDL2-2.0.2/src/SDL.c:357
#13 0x00000000004009c4 in shutdown () at main.c:43
#14 0x00000000004009ed in main (argc=1, args=0x7fffffffe198) at main.c:53

At first I blamed Xlib and was looking for the way to switch SDL2 to XCB, but then forum people advised me to file a bug, because it might be SDL problem. So I hope some will help me out on this annoying issue, which is present for at least 1.5 years and makes my work with SDL2 quite painful.

This issue is not present w/ SDL 1.2.