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The palette of bmp files is loaded from a wrong offset in the bmp file.
I am attaching a test file (it is being loaded correcty by imagemagick, gdk-pixbuf and windows too, but not with current sdl-image).
Here is a very little patch to fix the problem:

diff -Nurb SDL_image-1.2.4-old/IMG_bmp.c SDL_image-1.2.4-new/IMG_bmp.c
--- SDL_image-1.2.4-old/IMG_bmp.c       2004-12-16 05:41:01.000000000 +0100
+++ SDL_image-1.2.4-new/IMG_bmp.c       2006-05-13 04:51:40.000000000 +0200
@@ -301,6 +301,13 @@
        /* Load the palette, if any */
        palette = (surface->format)->palette;
        if ( palette ) {
+
+                if ( SDL_RWseek(src, fp_offset+14+biSize, SEEK_SET) < 0 ) {
+                        SDL_Error(SDL_EFSEEK);
+                        was_error = 1;
+                        goto done;
+                }
+
                /*
                | guich: always use 1<<bpp b/c some bitmaps can bring wrong information
                | for colorsUsed