I see this manifest itself (VS2012 x86) as:

"Run-Time Check Failure #0 - The value of ESP was not properly saved across a function call.  This is usually a result of calling a function declared with one calling convention with a function pointer declared with a different calling convention."

in the first call to SDL_GetTicks in my application. The disassembly at the problem line is:

        hires_now.QuadPart *= 1000;
00AD0792  push        0  
00AD0794  push        3E8h  
00AD0799  mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-10h]  
00AD079C  push        eax  
00AD079D  mov         ecx,dword ptr [hires_now]  
00AD07A0  push        ecx  
00AD07A1  call        _allmul (0AE7D40h)  
00AD07A6  mov         dword ptr [hires_now],eax  
00AD07A9  mov         dword ptr [ebp-10h],edx  

Apparently _allmul should be popping the stack but isn't (other similar functions in SDL_stdlib.c - _alldiv and whatnot - DO pop the stack).

A 'ret 10h' at the end of _allmul appears to do the trick:

diff -r f7fc1f0c3a08 src/stdlib/SDL_stdlib.c
--- a/src/stdlib/SDL_stdlib.c	Fri May 10 21:19:40 2013 +0200
+++ b/src/stdlib/SDL_stdlib.c	Sat May 11 22:18:40 2013 +0100
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
         pop         esi
         pop         edi
         pop         ebp
-        ret
+        ret         10h
     }
     /* *INDENT-ON* */
 }